articles about service providers

My daily commute to school—you would see a lot of them on the streets pan handling or just sleeping in certain bus stops and that kind of tugged at my heart […] what is that I can do to provide help and assistance or to be able to reduce the numbers of homelessness on the streets of Chicago ? That’s when I started getting involved in any type of homeless outreach . (HSP 12, DSNH)

On the other hand, others were less intentional initially upon entry into the field of homeless service, but over time they developed a deeper relationship with the field.

…when I was applying , I was just applying for a job because I needed a job at the moment . But I stayed because I felt a home , I felt like I’m needed , like I’m doing something that means something . (HSP 7, AD)

Motivation : Making a difference . HSPs felt that their jobs are gratifying and that they are motivated by experiences of witnessing life changes.

The best part is seeing people get into housing , that’s something I’ve always been my favorite part of the job and it never gets old . When someone finally gets keys to their own apartment , that’s definitely the best part . […] It’s very satisfying knowing you helped make it happen . (HSP 9, AD)

Some had personally experienced homelessness or difficult situations themselves and found it especially rewarding to be able to “give back.”

…I truly believe that I’m here and I’m supposed to help others just like somebody helped me . They helped me when I was on drugs and tried to get my life together . So I’m a firm believer I should be giving that back . (HSP 15, DSNH)

Challenges : Systemic versus individual behavior . HSPs described challenges that referenced PEH behavior (e.g. refusal to accept help, participate, comply to rules; drug relapse, mental health barriers), and some comments appear to place blame on PEHs for their circumstances. One HSP commented,

They are kind of stubborn . They do not sometimes listen . Let’s say you tell them "ok you have an appointment […]” I give them a list , a reminder , […] and if you cannot make an appointment please call . The disappointing part is they do not follow through or they do not call after all the work that you did for them . […]After giving them everything . "Here’s the appointment" was not typed in 11 font , it was typed in 20 font , how can you miss that ? And it’s like there’s no appreciation . That’s the disappointing part . (HSP 17, DSNH)

Another HSP shared about an incident of violence that made it difficult to provide care.

We did have a client we were seeing on the West side in an encampment . He was apparently violent . […] He told another worker that he was going to kill us all . And he grabbed a piece of our equipment and ran , that was pretty challenging . Because now we can’t go back to that encampment and there are other people there who really do need our help . (HSP 13, DSH)

HSPs also mentioned systemic challenges, particularly the lack of resources and affordable housing.

Let’s just start with the federal government and its funding and whatever it is these days , the lack of state budget—there’s no affordable housing anywhere , there’s no subsidized housing , HUD is a joke—a neurosurgeon running HUD ? Like all these policies that are starting to come out , they’re downers . (HSP 6, DSH)

While some comments centered on either the individual PEH or systemic challenges, other comments illustrate challenges that blur the line between individual and systemic.

A classic example is—people get a mobile housing voucher Section 8 where they can locate any apartment that will take them , and they have a limited time to find an apartment , and so you say “find an apartment , get in the system , whether or not you live in it , ” and they say “no , ” because many of these are older African American men who want to live on the North Side . […] They want to be in a place where they can live safely , and that means most of the time the North Side . They’ll say “no I haven’t found an apartment on the North side I like”–[I say] “I don’t care , get an apartment , get in the system , whether or not you ever visit that apartment as long as it’s paid for by Section 8—take it , keep it , and then transfer out , but you have limited time to do this . ” […] So the argument that’s being made that “you have a limited time , here’s the solution to a problem , ” instead doesn’t result necessarily in people acting on that solution which they could … (HSP 3, AD)

Here we see that the HSP is frustrated that PEH clients are adamant about finding an apartment on the North Side yet fail to realize that they should prioritize accepting any apartment opening regardless of preference so that they can be in the system at all, as transfers to North Side apartments are significantly easier once they are in the system. However, there is a fundamental systemic issue that underlies the HSP’s frustration toward individual PEH behavior—that there is an insufficient amount of affordable housing options available in safer neighborhoods. Thus, we see how systemic barriers cause problematic individual reactions that are difficult for HSPs to navigate.

Category 2: Perspectives on general PEH population at large.

Multiple causes of homelessness . HSPs acknowledged that there are many different factors that could lead a person to experience homelessness, and each individual may come from different situation. Common factors stated by HSPs include mental illness and substance use.

There’s a huge variety of people—they bring a huge wealth of talent , a huge wealth of life experience , recurrent themes again are addiction and mental illness in the broadest possible definition . […] I remember talking to a guy who leaned over one time and said–“I don’t tell everybody this but my name is actually Han Solo . ” I’ve got a guy named Vern Superfoods , can’t be his real name . So that’s a clear mental illness , paranoia , delusions that people can bring with them… (HSP 3, AD)

This HSP additionally noted,

… a huge proportion of people who come to us have a very limited or small families . One of the things we rely on to get us out of trouble is often family and if you don’t have family that often isn’t there . So if I were to lose my job , my sister wouldn’t turn me out , my brothers wouldn’t turn me out , […] if I didn’t have family around me , my resources become much less . So resources have to be thought about in terms of social connection and family connection and not just income . (HSP 3, AD)

Other HSPs cited systemic and political roots as causes of homelessness.

I can give you the standard answer—it’s multifactorial , nobody has just one cause of homelessness . But why are people homeless ? It’s because our economy is horrible and we treat poor people bad and we suppress them . We just need a revolution—people are homeless because there’s no low-income housing , because the state hasn’t had budget , because Donald Trump exists , because White House . . . and it’s getting worse , but it’ll probably get worse before it gets better . (HSP 6, DSH)

Diversity of PEH population . HSPs noted that PEH population is more than the “single man on the streets begging for money” that the public typically encounters, including children, families, working poor, refugees, and “couch surfers”.

It’s a wildly diverse group of people , which I wouldn’t have had visibility on from my previous view which was mostly street homelessness and people panhandling , the sort of "visible face" of things—there are a lot of families , a lot of young folks…I think that’s the biggest change in impressions—from the single man usually on the street visibly poor asking for money or very visibly mentally ill to a good portion of our folks who just don’t have access to healthcare and mental health or substance abuse—or other drivers are not their issue at all , they’re just very poor… (HSP 4, AD)

Some HSPs distinguished a subgroup of PEH commonly referred to as “rough sleepers” who avoid shelters and instead spend their nights on the streets or in encampments.

There’s this impression that people want to be on the streets . I think that’s exceedingly rare . I’ve not heard it yet , but I do hear people choosing not to be in shelters with a lot of frequency . Couples often can’t be in shelters , people with pets can’t be in shelters , they’re pretty dangerous places to be . If you add a little paranoia into the symptoms of what someone’s living with , being in a shelter is a very difficult place to be . So people often choose streets vs shelters , but that doesn’t mean they want to be on the streets necessarily . (HSP 4, AD)

Housing is most pressing need . Among the many needs of the PEH population, housing was believed to be the most pressing.

…there are lots of needs , but being on the streets makes everything worse , and getting off the streets makes everything better—you can store proof , you can store your personal papers , you’re safe , you’re not constantly moving , you’re not constantly threatened—it’s such a huge difference . (HSP 3, AD)

Misperceptions of general population . According to HSPs, the general population’s most problematic misperception is that everyone in the PEH population is “on drugs or alcohol” and viewed as “lazy.” HSPs urged the public to take time to see who these people really are.

A lot of people think it’s their problem , they picked it , they’re lazy—that’s not necessarily the truth . There’s a lot of things that go deeper . The root of the situation is much worse than what they think , it’s not just all surface . You have to dig deeper to see what’s really causing their problem—mental state , et cetera et cetera… (HSP 2, DSNH)

Other HSPs said that another problematic misperception is that it is easy to get out of homelessness.

People tend to believe that it’s just easy to one day say "you know what , I’m homeless right now , I’m going to change that , I’m going to get a job" because you hear tons of people say "hey go get a job" or "this is by choice" "get yourself out of the streets yourself" things of that nature . People tend to disregard the fact that it does take an emotional toll on you , just like when you lose a parent or when you lose a child or something happens in your life that gives you some type of trauma . I believe that every person in this world will at some point in time face some level of depression , will face some level of emotional crisis or have an emotional breakdown , and we all become vulnerable . Unfortunately some people aren’t mentally or emotionally strong enough to get themselves out of that hole , they need a support system . But if you’re consistently reminded that you’re not valuable , that you’re in a position you’re in out of choice , you tend to fall deeper into that hole . […] So it’s not as easy as it seems to try to get themselves out of the streets , out of the funk that they’re in . (HSP 12, DSNH)

Approaching PEH outside of work . Almost every HSP said that when approaching PEH on the streets asking for monetary help outside of their work, they would engage the PEH in some manner.

Depends on circumstances and where I’m at , where I’m going , what time I have available . If I’m driving I don’t generally like do anything but smile and make eye contact . On the street every once in a while I’ll sit down and just ask someone what’s going on , what’s up . Every once in a while I’ll give money . I don’t know that there’s any rhyme or reason , it’s generally indicated by the level of time I have available , but I will always smile and make eye contact , say hello . Always always always . (HSP 11)

Many would also refer PEHs to services provided by the organization they work for.

We have cards that I give out that direct them here . I will buy someone something to eat , but I won’t give them money . Because I feel like I’ve been manipulated in that way before , so now if you’re hungry I will feed you , I will point you in a direction where you can get housing or a bus card , but I won’t just give you money . (HSP 7, AD)

HSPs acknowledged that PEHs encountered on the streets often use money for drugs or alcohol. Most thus choose not to give cash.

I’m very sad that in this country—and that really bothers me—that people are out on our streets for one reason or the other . I do not on the streets however , give them money . […] I’ve had several of them say to me , “don’t give me money , I’ll use it for the wrong thing . ” It makes me sad . (HSP 1, DSNH)

In light of this, some HSPs said that they would still give cash to PEHs they encounter out of respect of choice. One HSP reasoned from her own personal experience.

I usually give it to them if I have . A friend of mine said "well no , don’t give them because they just gonna’ buy drugs with it" and I always say "well I don’t know what they’re gonna do , I don’t know their situation but I used to panhandle too . And somebody gave to me . " (HSP 15, DSNH)

Category 3: Perceptions of PEH based on client interactions.

Perceptions change over time . HSPs acknowledge that as they have been exposed to the field of homeless care through interactions with their clients, their perceptions have changed over time. Some elaborated on the importance of the “human connection”:

I used to be very weary of going up to a homeless person and try to stay away , and now I think they just want you to say hello , because a lot of the people that are here are not ones you necessarily see on the streets . These people either live far away or they stay far away , they’re not the people you see in our neighborhood that are just sitting out begging for money . I used to be afraid of homeless people , kind of like sheering away . Now whenever I see somebody that looks familiar I’m like running up to them to say hello , I approach them in the streets instead of running away . (HSP 2, DSNH)

Other HSPs shared that as they have worked with this population they have found that “it is not always what it seems.”

I came here thinking that people who use drugs and are addicted to drugs are a certain way , and I don’t think that anymore . Like we have one person who was started on heroin when he was 9 , by his mom . So when you know that back story—and what happened to his mom ? Why was she so damaged that she couldn’t see that that wasn’t the right thing to do ? I feel like that really changes you when you see what people have gone through . (HSP 8, DSH)

HSPs came to empathize and relate to the circumstances of their clients, acknowledging that they themselves are only “a paycheck away” from experiencing homelessness.

…even though I may not be homeless today , but there are many people out there who are literally one paycheck away from being homeless . And I know that if I was in that position I would desire some type of grace or compassion to be shown toward me . So I try to have that perception of just being very compassionate no matter who it is , what it is , or what you may think instantaneously of what it could be . (HSP 12, DSNH)

“They are just people” . This expression came up during several interviews, as HSPs described their clients as no different than any other individual in society.

Everybody has their own story about what happened with them , so my perception is just that this is just a human being who had different things happen in their life and this is where they are now . (HSP 14, AD)

Another HSP said,

I’ll just say that people who are experiencing homelessness are just people who have been denied housing or haven’t had access to housing for a multitude of reasons , but when it comes down to it—homelessness is just a housing status and doesn’t really define anyone in any other way . (HSP 10, DSNH)

Resilience of PEH . HSPs applauded PEHs for their talent, intelligence, and strength amidst the circumstances they face.

…they’re very very intelligent human beings . I think that people have a myth or say things like they’re lazy—they’re just not . […] They just need to be connected to somewhere where they can utilize resources and the staff is highly trained and is compassionate and have empathy to work with the individuals that is just having just a little itty bitty challenges going through in their life . Just because they’re not housed , does not mean they can’t be successful . (HSP 5, DSNH)

Another HSP shared,

There’s one person in particular I have met and know who has just been through a lot of trauma in their life and really don’t have the social support I have and probably too often take for granted , and just seeing this person come through what they have come through and still are able to maintain a positive outlook and persist in achieving their goals and want to give back to the community and have gratitude—I’m thinking of a specific person but at the same time I’m realizing that that happens often . (HSP 10, DSNH)

Respect for choices . HSPs described the approaching clients as dignified individuals whose decisions and choices should be respected.

We have people that use drugs that still want to use drugs , and we want to support them , that’s their choice . If they want to continue using heroin , how can we ensure that you’re not going to get HIV or hepatitis and respect them that they are valued and they can make the choices that they deserve to make ? I just think that it’s challenging on a daily basis to meet people where they are and to convince them that you are not there to do more harm , that you are there to respect them and to treat them with kindness and compassion . (HSP 8, DSH)

Ambivalence towards PEH . In responses where the HSP described PEHs in a negative light (e.g. angry, demanding, no appreciation, stubborn), the statements were immediately followed by a rationale.

… many times they’re demanding and that’s okay […] I feel that this is a secure place for them and this is someplace that they have some control . New volunteers have to realize that because they’ll find them offensive and demanding and that they do seem a little abrupt at times . […] …many of them do not open up to you until they’re familiar with you and make sure that , you know , you just aren’t a fly-by-night , that you’re trying to know them and even after that time , they’re very hesitant at many times . You have to get through that . (HSP 1, DSNH)

One HSP described a silver lining in moments of frustration.

… a lot of them don’t try to get out of the situation they just are so comfortable with… some of them try to go to education programs we offer them and try to better themselves but some of them are just comfortable with just the status quo and coming back and coming back—makes me feel that some of my work is not really going that far , but on the other hand it makes me feel like at least I’m making them feel good for what it’s worth . (HSP 2, DSNH)

Category 4: Perceptions of hospitals and healthcare.

Negative views toward hospitals . HSPs’ perceptions were frequently negative, recounting anecdotes of poor treatment of PEH in emergency department and hospital settings.

We know of more than one person who has gone to a place and been kicked out . We actually brought somebody to a place once because we were told that’s what we could do , and when they saw that they were homeless and dirty , they took them from the front of the building where we dropped them off and they walked them through the building and let them out through the back door so they immediately got them out of the building… (HSP 14, AD)

Another HSP described attitudes toward PEH in the hospital setting as such:

It’s often easy to distance from people who are homeless and come through the door and like "oh there’s that person again" or "they’re on drugs"—something that pushes them away . So hospitals are super unsatisfying for homeless people , they don’t have great resources to connect people to , and building relationships with [homeless service organizations] has been also pretty tricky . (HSP 4, AD)

Of the positive perspectives noted in HSP interviews, many included being able to obtain insurance.

I think now it’s funny there are a lot of people wanting to help the homeless get healthcare . Free . The healthcare , like the Obamacare , all the Medicaid plans , they’re really good plans . People get really good care , they don’t have any co-pays . I always tease them I say "boy I wish I had your insurance . " […] If you can get them signed up , they have good healthcare . (HSP 16, DSH)

A few HSPs also mentioned a Chicago Emergency Department housing initiative based at University of Illinois, Chicago (UIC) [ 20 ].

I think that it’s been cool to see some of the hospitals stepping up , even though it’s strictly out of fiscal solutions or wanting to save money on their end , but I think it’s pretty awesome that they’re creating housing for some of the most frequent ER visitors that are housing insecure . So I really like that because it’s creating a real solution . (HSP 11, AD)

Hospitals as entry point . HSPs believed hospitals could partner more with organizations and refer PEHs for follow-up on health or non-health related needs.

Every once in a while I’ll get a call from a hospital , somebody from the hospital looking to get help for somebody and it’s just clear that they’re not very familiar with homeless services or homeless systems . […] Hospitals are one of the areas where people can go to get referred to a shelter . Some people who work in hospitals don’t realize that’s the case . (HSP 9, AD)

According to another HSP, hospitals could also help by recording homelessness to provide accurate data of homeless healthcare needs.

Let’s teach everybody who puts a diagnosis in to use that homeless diagnosis code , because if you can prove to the insurance companies how many people are actually experiencing homelessness , there may be more money from the managed care organizations for housing and to keep people out of the ER and hospitals , it’s going to be cheaper to house them than it is to pay for their hospital bills . […] But people need to code homelessness as a diagnosis . It isn’t one [right now] , and they need to know it’s there . (HSP 6, DSH)

One HSP talked about the nuances of identifying homelessness in the hospital.

They can record homelessness better […] One great unknown is actually how many homeless people there are […] HUD defines homelessness as streets and shelters . HRSA is a broader definition including all instability—renting by the week , renting by the month , sleeping with family , couch surfing , etc . So hospitals could record that in a more sensitive way . If you ask someone if you’re homeless , it’s incomplete by definition […] You have to have better ways of generating that data , understanding what homelessness is . (HSP 4, AD)

Homeless healthcare organizations . Some HSPs noted that federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) provide great services to PEHs but have limited mental health services and need more funding.

We don’t find it particularly challenging to find people healthcare . We have a good relationship with a health clinic […] we actually have a nurse practitioner come every week to see our guests , and she can facilitate appointment referrals . So we don’t have as much of a challenge getting primary health care . It can be more of a delay trying to get people an appointment with psychiatric services , mental health care . (HSP 9, AD)

This study has described the perspectives of a diverse group of HSPs and documented their work experiences and attitudes toward the field and their clients. In both the ATHI and our open-ended interviews we found a range of opinions and experiences that overall suggest that HSPs have compassionate attitudes toward their clients and the population of those experiencing homelessness while expressing frustration at systemic issues and individual biases against this population. Below we summarize major findings and consider implications of our results.

Quantitative data from the ATHI showed that on average HSPs score highest on willingness to affiliate with homeless people, followed by beliefs that homelessness is a solvable problem and that it has societal causes. HSPs feel least strongly that homelessness is not caused by personal characteristics. These results complement our findings from interview responses in which HSPs describe empathic attitudes toward their clients experiencing homelessness while acknowledging the role of individual factors (mental illness, substance use, etc.) in entry into homelessness.

For comparison, there are three studies we are aware of that have used the ATHI to assess change in attitudes. An evaluation of primary care residents showed average total scores of 45.4 and 51.7 pre- and post- homeless healthcare-focused curriculum [ 6 ] while another study with internal medicine residents showed average total scores of 46.0 and 53.0 pre- and post- intervention [ 21 ]. A study of nurse practitioner students showed average scores per ATHI statement were 3.88 and 4.38 pre- and post- participation at a homeless outreach clinic [ 7 ]. In comparison, the average total score for HSPs in this study was 53.2 and the average score per ATHI was 4.83, which are comparable to that of the post-exposure scores in these studies. These high baseline ATHI scores are expected of our sample of HSPs whose interview responses show overall positive attitudes toward their clients and the general population of those experiencing homelessness.

In our qualitative analysis of open-ended interviews, we described the views of homeless service providers (HSPs) in four categories that consisted of 16 themes in regard to their perspectives on their work, their clients, and homeless healthcare. These categories developed from their interviews included (1) perspectives on work, (2) perspectives of general PEH population at large, (3) perceptions of PEH based on client interactions, and (4) perceptions of hospitals and healthcare.

Perspectives on work

With regard to entry into the field, HSPs generally came from two paths: one in which they were intentionally seeking a meaningful career, and the other in which they were merely looking for a job and found themselves working with this population. Regardless of entry method, almost all HSPs found satisfaction and meaning in being able to make a difference in the work that they do. In describing challenges, HSPs expressed frustration at both systemic factors (e.g. lack of affordable housing, political agendas) and also acknowledged issues of mental health, substance abuse, and unemployment. This is consistent with Seiler & Moss’s findings in their interviews with nurse practitioners, who described making a difference as a motivator for their work and also acknowledged the complexity of providing care to this population due to mental illness and substance use [ 11 ]. HSPs recognized the challenges and frustrations that come with their work, yet their motivations stemmed from a genuine desire to help individuals experiencing homelessness and are fed by their rich experiences and encounters with PEHs that make their work ultimately redeeming. We see a similar mix of sometimes conflicting emotions seen among emergency medicine residents in Doran et al’s study where residents are frustrated by the limits of their ability to impact PEHs and yet find the work very rewarding [ 10 ]. The findings in our study suggest that for most HSPs, the meaning and inspiration of their work are key reasons for their continued connection to the field.

Perspectives of general PEH population at large

In describing the general PEH population, HSPs urged people to consider individuals experiencing homelessness in a more nuanced way than the stereotypical image of “street homelessness and people panhandling” (HSP 4, AD). They described that these individuals come from diverse backgrounds and circumstances, including those who work full time and yet do not make enough income to afford housing, those who find themselves facing multiple economic and social stressors (e.g. divorce, family death, fire) that led to housing insecurity and homelessness. A study of causes of homelessness among older individuals newly experiencing homelessness found similar patterns across urban areas in three countries- the US, England, and Australia. The study found that participants became homeless through a combination of personal problems (e.g. death of a close relative or relationship breakdown), welfare policy gaps, and service delivery deficiencies [ 22 ].

When it came to approaching PEHs outside of work, HSPs made a distinction between this setting and the PEHs with whom they worked directly. Some HSPs worried that some of the individuals who ask for money on the streets do so as part of substance use disorder. One HSP said that someone with a sign on the street had admitted to her that the message and story on their sign was fabricated. Almost half of the HSPs said that they do not to give money to PEHs, while the rest said that they may give money though not every time. Almost all HSPs said they would typically engage PEHs outside of work, at least saying hello and acknowledging them each time. These findings seem to imply that HSPs apply their positive attitudes toward their clients to their response to PEHs on the streets asking for money, but HSPs vary in whether they give money. From the perspective of PEHs who “panhandle” in public spaces, PEHs describe a range of interactions with passersby, including being subject to acts of violence and receiving kindness and support while panhandling. They call for greater empathy, saying that “even a smile helps” [ 23 ].

Perceptions of PEH based on client interactions

HSPs noted that their own perceptions have evolved over time as they have worked in this field, as they reflect on stories of PEHs as victims of unfortunate life circumstances and factors outside their control. There was a common pattern of acknowledgement that PEHs are “just people” and that as HSPs have gotten to know these individuals, they have been moved by stories of incredible resilience amidst struggle. HSPs also described PEH attitude and behavior concerns (e.g. stubbornness, violence), suggesting that these were reasonable given difficult circumstances and emphasizing empathy and respect of choice. HSPs from Rogers & Rogers’s study similarly call for compassion and increased sensitivity by providers, describing something akin to “meeting clients where they were” [ 9 ]. The findings in our study show a resistance to stereotypes as HSPs recognize the diverse behaviors and experiences of their clients. This has implications for how HSPs are recruited and introduced to the work, such as emphasizing the opportunity to learn from the unique perspectives and experiences of PEHs.

Perceptions of hospitals and healthcare

Many HSPs expressed frustration and disappointment in hospital management of PEHs. They recounted situations of inappropriate treatment and recommended inclusion and bias training for staff. Experiences of PEHs in the healthcare system are extensively explored in empirical literature. PEHs have described being dehumanized and treated with disrespect as well as feeling invisible, labeled, and stigmatized by healthcare providers who lack compassion for them [ 24 – 26 ].

HSPs also offered practical suggestions including increasing identification of homelessness (as hospitals are often entry points into help for PEHs) and adequate referral to organizations with expertise in assisting these individuals. Though HSPs noted that hospitals have at times failed to treat PEHs appropriately, they were pleased with homeless healthcare organizations that properly serve PEHs respectfully and competently and also acknowledged the efforts of hospitals in Chicago to house emergency room utilizers who experience homelessness [ 20 ]. Finally, HSPs understood that while medical care is important for someone experiencing homelessness, greater priority should be placed on housing PEHs as this intervention would significantly improve their overall physical health. This is an area that others have identified and that might have the most concrete implications from our study: there continue to be studies around identifying “housing first” as a remedy for homelessness [ 27 ]. The perceptions of the HSPs in this study also suggest that more specific policies and procedures from hospital emergency departments may be a valuable set of interventions to consider.

Researcher reflections

It is an important feature of qualitative research that it is impossible to completely remove the researcher from the research [ 28 ]. This is a challenge, but can also add to the richness of this method. The authors acknowledge that our position as researchers may have influenced participant responses. For example, it is possible that HSPs felt the need to defend the work they do and the clients they work with because of their notions of common misperceptions about PEHs in the general population. This may have been evident in the “ambivalence toward PEH” theme, in which HSPs described PEHs in a negative light but quickly followed with a rationale, as if to defend their negative sentiments and their PEH clients.

As discussed in the methods section, the authors recognize that our backgrounds and experiences may have informed the structuring of the study. It is also important to acknowledge that similarly our experiences may have influenced the overall interpretation of the data. The two authors represent Asian-American and White-American racial backgrounds as well as identities in dominant categories (e.g. mental and physical ability, sexual orientation, religion, socioeconomic status, education). We have never personally experienced housing insecurity or homelessness and do not know of any close friends or family members who have had such experiences. Additionally, we also bring perspectives as physician and medical student with experiences working with PEHs in medical and hospital contexts. These backgrounds and perspectives may have helped us to ask particular questions and analyze responses, but they may have also created blind spots that hindered our ability to extract insights from the data. It is difficult to exactly articulate our influence over the outcome of the study, so we share these thoughts and encourage readers to carefully examine the data and conclusions.

Limitations of the study

Due to the qualitative design of the study, this study does not provide a representative sample of perspectives of HSPs, but rather an in-depth consideration of the perspectives of a small group of workers. HSPs interviewed were selected by each organization’s contact person, some of whom intentionally referred us to longtime or seasoned employees, suggesting a possible bias of perspectives in our sample. A more open recruitment strategy would have mitigated some of the selection bias present this study.

Timing of administering ATHI.

For each of our HSP participants, we first administered the ATHI and then immediately followed with the interview component. Thus, it is possible that the HSPs may have been primed by the ATHI statements when giving open-ended responses to the interview questions, thus influencing the interview data compared to a scenario where HSPs complete the ATHI after the interview. The advantage of completing the ATHI first is that it allows HSPs to begin to contemplate their opinions to the statements that can be further elaborated during the interview. For example, the ATHI poses statements pertaining to personal causation versus structural causation of homelessness, and the interview sought to elicit perspectives around causes of homelessness and thus nicely built off of the ATHI.

Interview length.

Half an hour may not have been enough time to elicit perspectives of HSPs fully. Our pilot interviews suggested that the questions could be completed within the time frame, but some HSPs elaborated on answers at greater lengths and were unable to complete all 18 questions though all HSPs gave responses to questions within each of the four main sections of the interview script. As a result, our data collection resulted in fewer than 17 unique responses to each of the 18 questions asked, though all relevant topics were discussed with each HSP.

Organizational patterns.

HSPs who work for the same organization tended to respond in similar patterns and themes. For example, HSPs from a faith-based organization had responses that incorporated faith as part of their motivation for working with this population. HSPs from a healthcare organization were able to discuss homeless healthcare in more depth.

Despite these limitations, this study provides a rich description of HSP experiences and their attitudes toward their work, PEHs, and homeless healthcare, suggesting overall positive attitudes toward the population of those experiencing homelessness while having mixed attitudes regarding healthcare for these individuals. This study provides a unique set of voices from an important group of stakeholders in the homeless service industry. As various sectors, including healthcare, assess and address the needs of individuals experiencing homelessness, it will be helpful to gain the perspective of those whose careers entail serving this population. Specifically, the insights and advice offered by HSPs regarding healthcare for PEHs may provide initial ideas for medical training curricula and hospital partnership with organizations to serve this population. At our affiliated medical school, for example, this study helped to lay the foundation for a two-week clinical rotation in homeless healthcare at one of our participating organizations.

Additionally, a richer understanding of HSPs’ experiences may serve as guidance in recruitment and retention of workers and volunteers in this area. Literature has shown that about one-third of those working in human service sectors such as homeless care experience burnout [ 29 , 30 ], which may be a potential explanation for the high turnover rate seen in these jobs. While burnout is significant in the homelessness sector, there is evidence to suggest that organizations can play a role in protecting workers against burnout. One study found that availability of perceived relevant training was positively associated with service provider work engagement and negatively associated with burnout [ 31 ]. Another study introduced the “Florence Nightingale effect” that higher perceived client suffering was correlated with higher job satisfaction and lower burnout among staff, and this relationship was mediated by greater identification with the organization [ 32 ].

In our interview data, we saw that HSPs expressed frustration toward systemic challenges as well as difficult individual PEH behaviors, and both can be reasonably expected to be associated with burnout. However, none of these themes were explicitly linked to any concerns about burnout or job dissatisfaction in the interview responses. Instead, our study portrayed HSP motivations to serve the PEH population despite challenges in their work, including a strong desire to help and success stories that fuel HSPs in the midst of frustration and potentially shield from burnout. Further studies exploring perspectives of former HSPs who have left their positions and the human service sector altogether may provide insight into understanding retention and turnover as well.

Supporting information

S1 file. attitudes toward homelessness inventory (athi)..

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268765.s001

S2 File. Interview script.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268765.s002

Acknowledgments

We want to thank all of the homeless service providers whom we interviewed and the following experts in the field of homeless healthcare who have helped with the development of the interview script and manuscript by means of consultation:

Dr. James O’Connell of Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (Boston, MA)

Dr. David Rosenthal of Yale University School of Medicine (New Haven, CT)

Dr. David Buchanan of Oak Street Health (Chicago, IL)

Dr. David Buck of University of Houston College of Medicine & Healthcare for the Homeless-Houston (Houston, TX)

Internet service provider

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

Read a brief summary of this topic

Internet service provider (ISP) , company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations. ISPs may also provide software packages (such as browsers ), e-mail accounts, and a personal website or home page. ISPs can host websites for businesses and can also build the websites themselves. ISPs are all connected to each other through network access points, public network facilities on the Internet backbone .

The rise of commercial Internet services and applications helped fuel a rapid commercialization of the Internet. This phenomenon was the result of several other factors as well. One important factor was the introduction of the personal computer (PC) and the workstation in the early 1980s—a development that in turn was fueled by unprecedented progress in integrated circuit technology and an attendant rapid decline in computer prices. Another factor, which took on increasing importance, was the emergence of Ethernet and other “local area networks” (LANs) to link personal computers. But other forces were at work too. Following the restructuring of AT&T Corporation in 1984, the U.S. National Science Foundation took advantage of various new options for its national-level digital backbone service, known as NSFNET . In 1988 the U.S. Corporation for National Research Initiatives received approval to conduct an experiment linking a commercial e-mail service (MCI Mail) to the Internet. This application was the first Internet connection to a commercial provider that was not also part of the research community . Approval quickly followed to allow other e-mail providers access, and the Internet began its first explosion in traffic.

In 1993 federal legislation allowed NSF to open the NSFNET backbone to commercial users. Prior to that time, use of the backbone was subject to an “acceptable use” policy, established and administered by NSF, under which commercial use was limited to those applications that served the research community. NSF recognized that commercially supplied network services, now that they were available, would ultimately be far less expensive than continued funding of special-purpose network services.

Also in 1993 the University of Illinois made widely available Mosaic , a new type of computer program , known as a browser, that ran on most types of computers and, through its “point-and-click” interface, simplified access, retrieval, and display of files through the Internet. Mosaic incorporated a set of access protocols and display standards originally developed at the European Organization for Nuclear Research ( CERN ) by Tim Berners-Lee for a new Internet application called the World Wide Web (WWW). In 1994 Netscape Communications Corporation (originally called Mosaic Communications Corporation) was formed to develop a Web browser , Netscape Navigator, and server software for commercial use. Shortly thereafter the software giant Microsoft Corporation became interested in supporting Internet applications on personal computers and developed its Internet Explorer Web browser (based initially on Mosaic) and other programs. These new commercial capabilities accelerated the growth of the Internet, which as early as 1988 had already been growing at the rate of 100 percent per year.

By the late 1990s there were approximately 10,000 ISPs around the world, more than half located in the United States . However, most of these ISPs provided only local service and relied on access to regional and national ISPs for wider connectivity. Consolidation began at the end of the decade, with many small to medium-sized providers merging or being acquired by larger ISPs. Among these larger providers were groups such as America Online, Inc. ( AOL ), which had started as a dial-up information service with no Internet connectivity but made a transition in the late 1990s to become the leading provider of Internet services in the world—with more than 25 million subscribers by 2000 and with branches in Australia, Europe, South America , and Asia. Meanwhile, many new state-owned ISPs entered the business in large national markets, such as China, India, and Indonesia, and quickly eclipsed the subscriber base of any traditional commercial ISP.

In the early 21st century, many dial-up Internet customers shifted to broadband service for faster Internet connections. The entry-level broadband service offered by telephone and cable television companies cost as little as dial-up services in some parts of the United States, and some companies bundled together telephone, cable television, and Internet service. As a result of the shift, dial-up Internet provider AOL watched its base of dial-up service subscribers decline from nearly 27 million in 2002 to 2.1 million in 2015. By 2020 more than 120 million households in the United States had broadband Internet.

With the proliferation of services such as Netflix that stream video and other large files, ISPs pushed for the right to offer differently priced tiers of service to online content or software providers on the basis of their Internet use. Proponents of net neutrality believe, among other things, that network providers should be required to treat all broadband consumers equally instead of charging some consumers higher prices for using more bandwidth (data-carrying capacity). Opponents of net neutrality question whether cable and telephone companies could afford to invest in advanced security or transmission services if they could not charge a premium for them. In general, big Internet providers of content and software supported net neutrality, while the ISPs were against it. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission initially issued orders in favour of net neutrality in 2010 and 2015, but under the Trump administration those policies were reversed in 2017.

Why Content Owners and Service Providers Should Embrace SaaS

Whether you’re looking to run a marathon, master a new recipe, or overcome a fear, you’ve probably been told – or tell yourself – that you have to step out of your comfort zone. Take a quick Google search on how to step out of your comfort zone and you’ll be bombarded with lists and advice on how to do exactly that. While it’s easier said than done, it’s incredibly important in enabling growth and confidence within yourself.

These benefits don’t just apply to your personal life and accomplishments, they also apply to streaming. Yes, really.

Our industry is once again on the cusp of great change. And just as Darwin predicted in his theory of evolution, serious market competition for dwindling resources dictates that only the nimble who can adapt quickly will survive.

With consumers restricting their spending due to rising costs and inflation, they will look closely at their subscriptions for TV and video services to determine who makes the cut. So how do you make sure you can evolve and measure up to their demands?

Facing Changes

In order to stay competitive in the M&E industry – and ultimately survive – video service providers must adapt and change fast.

Some early adopters in the M&E industry seem to have read up on some of the numerous how-to articles on stepping out of your comfort zone and have already gotten started. They are turning their backs on monolithic, tailored technology deployments and instead embracing multi-tenant SaaS solutions. Interestingly, we are finding these are not just those born-in-the cloud streaming services that might initially come to mind – though they are certainly more open to the SaaS approach – but also more traditional pay TV providers and telecommunications companies.

Overcoming Fear

Despite this, it can be hard to let go of what you’re used to.

More traditional M&E companies tend to be more conservative and are sceptical of SaaS, as the previous engagement model provides resiliency, reliability and control – all sought after qualities.

The aforementioned pacesetters’ motivation for change is that the SaaS model helps address many of their biggest headaches: launching and updating streaming services quickly, fighting streaming piracy, more efficient and lower carbon video delivery, and the ability to take advantage of new monetization techniques and revenue models. All of this is underpinned by SaaS’ superior feature velocity, ease of integration, on-demand scalability, and a simplified OPEX budgeting model. The beauty of SaaS is really the pace of innovation it enables.

One particular factor driving SaaS is the increased appetite for advertising, which we’ve seen with Netflix and Disney’s recent introduction of commercials to its service in select regions. While the focus was once on subscriber acquisition and market share, broadcasters and video service providers are now demanding the flexibility to create new AVOD and FAST services that help counteract the cost of content, as viewers are looking to cut back on spending.

Until now, service providers have had few alternatives to customized, complex deployments involving heavy SDKs and slow waterfall testing. It can take months for acceptance testing to support the launch of a single feature or a new device, which – in today’s rapidly evolving business and technology environment – is simply unsustainable.

With SaaS, video service providers can start small, move fast and experiment – for example, launching a streaming service in a new market – confident in the software’s efficiency, agility and scale.

With a modular suite of solutions, companies don’t have to put all their eggs in one basket. They can start small, only paying for what they need, then easily add more packs or services as their needs evolve. Committing to a SaaS model gives content owners and service providers ongoing access to improvements and capabilities.

And SaaS isn’t just for the big monolithic players. Its effects are disruptive as the entry barrier to these new levels of experimentation and creativity have been lowered and its modular nature provide opportunities for smaller and non-conventional businesses. We just have to get the slower movers on board too.

Feature velocity is the most noticeable change. With SaaS, new features are added virtually every day whereas hosted cloud environments with waterfall acceptance are often updated semi-annually or even annually.

Consumers’ attention spans are decreasing, so the ability to deliver new content and features , new UI, new insights and more is crucial – and this ability is enhanced by SaaS.

In a rapidly changing world, the velocity and agility SaaS provides is game changing for us and more importantly for our customers – with quick adaption come quick results. It has impacted every department in our company including the way we sell, support, and contract with customers. Video platform deployments no longer need to be personalized to each customer – with the SaaS model, any customization only needs to happen at the edges.

As a result, our product delivery has significantly increased over the past year. Additionally, we have evolved our development approach to one that considers the complete customer experience, resulting in more consistent new feature releases as we are no longer building for a blue-sky future. Instead, everything is delivered with built-in market validation.

The M&E industry is a relatively late adopter of SaaS and one of the main reasons is that it requires major changes – not just within the vendor community but also within the user community. Put simply, video service providers can’t comprehend the benefits of SaaS without changing their operating model to accommodate a high velocity and multi-tenanted approach, most notably acceptance testing. And as we’ve established, change can be intimidating.

However, those that don’t change will inevitably be outcompeted by more agile competitors over time. Companies that don’t adapt won’t be able to deliver new content, new user experiences, user interfaces or new insights as quickly as its competitors. Meanwhile, those that do adopt SaaS will give their customers a better service and will benefit from a much lower cost of ownership, ultimately positioning themselves for longer term growth. Customers don’t bear the burden of operating the solution, freeing up IT people who would normally manage the service. This responsibility falls on the SaaS provider, giving customers freedom and peace of mind.

Importantly, the product won’t just be better from a user experience and a feature functionality perspective, releasing software in small chunks that can be easily verified and backed out as necessary dramatically increases quality as well. Finally, well-designed cloud-based APIs support a new level of openness that gives users the option of integrating point solutions or procuring suites of solutions from their preferred software suppliers. This openness is something that Synamedia has embraced strongly for its own solutions.

Whether it’s meeting new people, learning to sew, or adopting a SaaS model, change can be scary, but as Thomas Fuller cleverly said, “all things are difficult before they get easy.” Delivering with SaaS has shifted our cultural mindset as we have seen the game-changing effects first-hand. In this golden age of content, where consumers want to change what and how they watch in the blink of an eye, it’s time to step out of your comfort zone and make sure you’re changing fast enough to make the cut.

[Editor's note: This is a contributed article from Synamedia . Streaming Media accepts vendor bylines based solely on their value to our readers.]

The New CTV Challenges of Advertising Metrics

The first article in a series sponsored by Progress Partners and its Executive-in-Residence program addressing the big questions the streaming industry is grappling with regarding advertising metrics.

New Media - How Can They Seize the Day Amidst the Entertainment Streaming Reshuffle?

Stefan Lederer of Bitmovin discusses how new media can seize the day amidst the entertainment streaming reshuffle

NAB 2018: Harmonic Talks SaaS-Based UHD/HDR Live Sports Streaming

Streaming Media's Anthony Burokas interviews Harmonic Director, Market Development Jean Macher in the Harmonic booth at NAB 2018.

Technology & Strategy: What's New for '23

How To Master Remote Video Production

Tech talk: what to see at nab 2023, delivering live streams at scale, more web events, arwall and webster university bridge the gap between education and virtual production technologies with new virtual production facility, european telcos bark that netflix and big tech must pay fair share–but their bark lacks bite, know your tech for low-latency streaming, mwc2023: the metaverse will be user-generated, measure, benchmark, optimize: automate your live sports supply chain to reduce costs and manual interventions, optimize live video streaming with accelerated transcoding in the cloud.

India's HDB Financial Services flags data breach at service provider

BENGALURU, March 7 (Reuters) - HDB Financial Services, the non-bank lending unit of India's top private lender HDFC Bank (HDBK.NS) , said on Tuesday there was a data breach at one of its service providers which processes customer information.

"We have taken immediate steps to secure the service provider's system to prevent any further unauthorized access," HDB said in an emailed statement.

The company did not immediately respond to a Reuters request for comment on the nature of the data breach and how many customers were affected.

HDB is working with a regulator and an office of the government to investigate the incident, it said.

HDFC Bank said it was not affected by the incident.

"We wish to state that there is no data leak at HDFC Bank and our systems have not been breached or accessed in any unauthorised manner. We remain confident of our systems," the bank said in an emailed statement.

Details of the breach were first reported by online media platform Yourstory.

Latest Updates

View 2 more stories

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

Jenna Ellis, a high-profile member of former U.S. President Donald Trump's legal team that challenged his 2020 election loss, agreed to be censured by a Colorado court after admitting to making false claims about voter fraud, according to a court ruling.

Social media

11 Best USA IPTV Providers (2023)

Find the Right Service for You

Iptv express, iptv trends, typhoon tv labs, iptv promotions, bestbuyiptv, television subscription, xtreme hd iptv, iptv equipment, how to choose the best iptv provider, faq : usa iptv providers, conclusion: best usa iptv providers, related guides.

Internet Protocol Television ( IPTV ) is becoming an increasingly popular way to watch TV in the United States. With IPTV, viewers can access live and on-demand TV channels over the internet, eliminating the need for traditional cable or satellite TV providers. But with so many IPTV providers available, it can be hard to know which one to choose. In this article, we’ll explore how to choose the best IPTV provider and provide a list of the top IPTV providers in the USA.

Read: Best Popular Kids Shows

Nowadays, IPTV is more popular than any other television dish. Because everyday people are more trustworthy online than offline, IPTV is becoming more popular daily, and people are searching for the best IPTV service provider. IPTV always offers its customers to stream continuously or all day. That is a great benefit. Plus, you get 10 to 20 times more channels to watch at any one time in HD and Ultra HD modes .

IPTV always allows the user to make the best choice when a user likes to select sports channels. So you can only opt for IPTV sports subscription packages. There are so many sports subscription offers. Mainly, you can pick and choose the most suitable one for you. We offer many complete IPTV service providers for your needs, including sports entertainment channels and many more.

Top USA IPTV Providers

VOCO IPTV is, by far, the best IPTV service provider in 2022.

It’s an international IPTV subscription service and offers users more than 17,000 live TV channels & 130,000 VOD content, and anti-freezing technology .

This way, you can stream uninterrupted.

They offer HD, HQ, and 4K resolution content for channels and VOD. with a wide range of device compatibility and work with Firestick, Computer/Laptop, Mobile Devices, Mag/Enigma Boxes, Smart TVs, and others. This service works with various apps like IPTV Smarter Pro, TiviMate, GSE IPTV, Lazy IPTV, Kodi, etc.

Additional features

Read: The great vpn for chromecast to access sites

“IPTV World” is a popular IPTV service in the USA that offers a wide range of live and on-demand TV channels. They have a user-friendly interface that is easy to navigate and offer reliable streaming quality. Their pricing is competitive, and they offer various subscription plans to choose from, depending on your needs. They offer channels from various countries, including the USA, Canada more.

Features –

“IPTV World” offers a variety of features, including live TV, on-demand content, and premium channels. They also provide catch-up TV, allowing users to watch programs that aired within the last 24 hours. Their service is compatible with a wide range of devices, including Android TV boxes, smartphones , tablets , and smart TVs. Additionally, they offer a 24/7 customer support service to assist users with any issues or queries.

“Stream Now” is another popular IPTV service in the USA that offers a variety of live and on-demand TV channels. They have a simple, user-friendly interface that is easy to use and navigate. They offer affordable pricing and various subscription plans, including a free trial. They provide channels from the USA, Canada, UK, and other countries.

“Stream Now” offers live TV, on-demand content, and premium channels. They also provide catch-up TV, allowing users to watch programs that aired within the last 48 hours. Their service is compatible with a range of devices, including Android TV boxes, smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs. Additionally, they offer a 24/7 customer support service via live chat.

“IPTV Express” is a popular IPTV service in the USA that offers a range of live and on-demand TV channels. They have a simple, easy-to-use interface and offer competitive pricing. They offer channels from the USA, Canada, UK, and other countries.

“IPTV Express” offers live TV, on-demand content, and premium channels. They also provide catch-up TV, allowing users to watch programs that aired within the last 24 hours. Their service is compatible with a range of devices, including Android TV boxes, smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs. Additionally, they offer a 24/7 customer support service to assist users with any issues or queries. They also provide an electronic programming guide (EPG), making it easy for users to find and watch their favorite shows.

One of the best and most recommended IPTV providers in the USA is probably IPTV Trends, as it offers 20,000+ live TV channels and 60,000+ VOD content. They provide HD, HQ, and 4K resolution content for media and VOD. It has a wide range of device compatibility and works with Firestick, Computer/Laptop, Mobile Devices, Mag/Enigma Boxes, Smart TVs, and others. This service works with various apps like IPTV Smarter Pro, TiviMate, GSE IPTV, Lazy IPTV, Kodi , etc.

Read: Best iPhone VPN Apps to give a try

In the list of USA IPTV service providers, Typhoon Labs TV is a dedicated IPTV/OTT service provider for the US and Canada, offering over 1500 carefully curated FHD and HD live TV streams . This is the best option to watch everything from the news to sports to kids. All game passes are available with services like NFL, NBA, etc. You can also enjoy movies and TV shows on-demand with Typhoon’s huge VOD library.

Regarding reliable IPTV services , very few can match the reputation that IPTV advertising has earned worldwide. The service offers you 10000 premium and lives TV channels. Plus, you can access over 20,000 VOD titles, movies, and TV shows. We also like that you can request titles if you can’t find your favorite shows here.

IPTV Promotions works perfectly with Smart TV and streaming devices like Chromecast or Firestick . It also works great with Google and Apple TV. IPTV Promotions also shine when it comes to stability. The services use more than 100 stable servers worldwide to provide customers with a smooth viewing experience.

Read: Best Ring Light for Live Streaming, YouTube Video

IPTV subscription provider BestBuy offers services with 7,300 channels and 9,600 VODs. It provides automated systems for creating a test account and billing. There is the possibility of renewing by paying online on the website . Stream sports, entertainment, and movie channels. There are 20 VOD (Video On Demand) packages.

TV Subscription is an IPTV service that supports an extensive and comprehensive collection of TV channels. It is suitable for watching sports content, news, cartoons, movies, series, etc. Provides daily updates on the best movies and TV shows. The TV subscription gives you access to a massive database of content.

Xtreme HD IPTV offers live TV, movies, and popular shows. You can choose from many channels in English and other languages. Catch Up is a unique feature that allows you to watch the latest movies and TV shows. It also has a multi-screen feature that will enable you to manage multiple programs simultaneously.

IPTV Gear is unique software to watch quality content on computers and mobile devices. The IPTV service offers live TV channels, movies, and TV shows. You can manage the content in SD and HD quality. The service uses H264 technology, which enables fast streaming with minimal delay, even if you have a slow internet connection.

There are a few things to think about when looking for an IPTV provider. Some of the most important ones are:

Pricing: There are many different ways that IPTV providers can charge, from a one-time fee to a monthly or yearly subscription. Look for a service provider with clear pricing and no extra fees.

Read: Best MBA Colleges in USA

Channels: Some providers have more channels than others, so it’s important to choose a provider that has the channels you want to watch. Check the channel list of the provider before you sign up.

Customer Service: If you have any problems, it’s important to choose a provider with good customer service. Look for a provider that has more than one way to get help, like phone , email, and live chat.

Availability: Not all providers are available in every part of the US, so make sure the one you choose is available in your area.

User Interface: A good user interface makes it easy to switch between programmes and channels. Look for a service provider with an easy-to-use interface.

Is IPTV allowed in the USA?

Yes, IPTV is allowed in the USA. However, the legality of IPTV services can vary. Some IPTV providers may offer illegal streams of copyrighted content, which can put you at risk of legal action . To avoid legal issues, make sure you choose a reputable IPTV provider that offers legal content.

Is Indian IPTV legal in the USA?

Indian IPTV is legal in the USA as long as it provides legal content. However, some Indian IPTV providers may offer illegal streams of copyrighted content, which can put you at risk of legal action. To avoid legal issues, make sure you choose a reputable Indian IPTV provider that offers legal content.

Do I need a VPN for IPTV in the USA?

While a VPN is not necessary to use IPTV in the USA, it can be useful for protecting your privacy and security. A VPN can encrypt your internet connection and hide your IP address, making it more difficult for anyone to track your online activity. Additionally, using a VPN can help you bypass any geoblocks or restrictions that may be in place in your region, allowing you to access more content.

Can we use Indian TV in the USA?

Yes, you can use Indian TV in the USA through an IPTV service that offers Indian channels. However, it’s important to choose a reputable IPTV provider that offers legal content. Some Indian TV channels may be geoblocked in the USA, so you may need to use a VPN to access them.

Can you get in trouble for having IPTV?

It’s possible to get in trouble for having IPTV if the provider offers illegal streams of copyrighted content. In some cases, using these services can result in legal action, including fines and even imprisonment. To avoid legal issues, make sure you choose a reputable IPTV provider that offers legal content.

Can I watch USA without a TV provider?

Yes, you can watch TV in the USA without a traditional TV provider by using an IPTV service. IPTV allows you to access live and on-demand TV channels over the internet, eliminating the need for cable or satellite TV providers. However, you will need a reliable internet connection and a compatible device, such as a smart TV, computer , or streaming device .

Can I watch IPTV with VPN?

Yes, you can watch IPTV with a VPN. In fact, using a VPN can be beneficial for protecting your privacy and security, as well as accessing more content. However, using a VPN may slow down your internet connection, so it’s important to choose a VPN that offers fast speeds and reliable performance.

Choosing the best IPTV provider can be challenging, but with the right information, you can find the service that’s right for you. By considering factors such as pricing, channel selection, customer support, availability, and user interface, you can narrow down your options and choose a provider that meets your needs. Remember to choose a reputable provider that offers legal content, and if you have any doubts or questions, don’t hesitate to contact customer support. With the right IPTV provider, you can enjoy live and on-demand TV channels in the USA without the need for traditional TV providers.

I hope you understand and like this list of the Best IPTV Service Providers in the USA; if your answer is no, you can ask anything related to this article via the contact forum section. And if your answer is yes, please share this list with your family and friends.

Best IPTV Service Providers 2023 March: PC, Android TV, FireStick

Best mooc providers, best us vpn for use in or outside the usa, best free iptv apps for streaming live tv, best iptv player for windows 11/10.

Disclaimer: We want to be clear that the information on Bollyinside.com, including articles, reviews, and guides, is intended for educational purposes only. While we strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, we cannot guarantee the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability of any information. The opinions expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect our views. We recommend that readers conduct their own research and seek professional advice before making any decisions based on the information provided on this website. We are not responsible for any loss, injury, claim, liability, or damage related to the use of this website or the information contained herein. Read more about Disclaimer

Best squarespace alternatives 2023: help entrepreneurs stand out, best wake up lights 2023: help with both waking and falling asleep, best alienware laptops 2023: recommended for every gamers, best static site generators 2023: recommended for free and paid, best landing page builders 2023: this maximizes conversions.

Bollyinside is part of Tofido ltd, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Visit our corporate site.

Bollyinside provide Guide, Tips and tutorials. Which you find here: So never forget to check our Bollyinside Blogs, for technology computer mobile guides and Tips, Top lists, best 10, and bussiness guides.

IqEssay experts provide help with assignments of all academic levels and disciplines.

Ordering process

The order process starts with the form, where you need to specify the type of assignment, academic level, and deadline. Please fill out form as more detailed and accurate as you can.

If we need more details about the work you need, we will contact you shortly

At this step, you can check the correctness of your order information, apply discount code, check the final price and proceed to pay.

Once you pay the invoice, we send your order to the relevant and experienced writer to start the process of writing

When the deadline comes, you will receive the completed assignment in your mailbox and to the personal account as well.

Check and review the paper you get and if you have any question - let us know, we appreciate any feedback you give us

our services

Thanks a lot! This is what I really needed. I completely forgot about my essay and remembered about it before the deadline. My author turned out to be a true professional with good punctuality.

His work deserves only the best words! At first, I was worried about the result, as I had never ordered an essay before, but the writer returned my essay a day before the deadline. I read it but did not find any mistakes or inaccuracies. The quality is just amazing, I'm happy.

I always thought that online writing services are scammers who paraphrase other people's papers from the Internet. My friend persuaded me to place an order here, and it exceeded all my expectations. My author is a true professional with good experience!

I am happy because he prepared an amazing term paper for me. I received praise from my professor. And most importantly, I was able to work and earn money for my family. This service has become real salvation!

I am a procrastinator and always regret it. But now I know that there is someone who will help me. Their papers are of high quality, free from plagiarism, and any errors. This is what can be called professionalism.

If they ask me if I am ready to recommend this author, I will answer without a doubt: Yes! This is the best experience of my life. We have become true friends. The writer is always in touch, offers new creative ideas in order to make the paper even better.

Main Information About The Service

Our service consists of a group of experts in the field of academic writing, editing, and proofreading. We have been working for more than 6 years, and the majority of clients become our loyal friends. We provide students with writing help of any type, no matter what problem they have. Our goal is to ease your complicated student's life, full of deadlines and requirements. We have experts in each academic discipline, and they seek to help you with the assignment.

Our writing company is a place where you are always welcome. IQEssay is not the other writing service, but a company with an innovative approach. Our goal is to make you stronger without getting lost or exhausted. We will help you comprehend the subject and get to a higher academic level. Our experts will help you come through the difficulties in academic writing. Order our online help and get a brilliant paper you can use as an example. Find the support and assistance you can always count on.

We offer fast and quality writing help with your writing assignments. Our writers are developing their writing experience every day. Thus, they can deal with any type of essay, research, or terms paper. Do not hesitate to contact us so that we can start working immediately.

We work on your success, knowledge, and positive reviews. Our experts are ready to handle your problems and give you some special advice. We want you to enjoy the cooperation, so we are ready to hear any feedback. Our team is working tirelessly to make the IQEssay more convenient to use.

We are not chasing money and popularity, as lots of companies do. Instead, we provide you with high-quality academic writing help and fast online support. When you work with us, you see how your knowledge and attitude to study is changing. Not only we help you with a particular homework but also make you more resilient and flexible. You will find the right way to succeed in studying.

We want every student to enjoy studying, rather than suffering from lots of assignments. Our mission is to let you set priorities so that you find education pleasant and fun. A lot of young people complain about the complexity of learning and the opportunities they wish they had to succeed. However, you do not have to suffer from the studying process because we turn it into pleasure.

If you cannot keep up with a large number of assignments, we will teach you to study faster and more productive. Our goal is to let you expand the boundaries and go beyond the limits of your abilities. That is how you succeed in not only studying but also each sphere of life. At IQEssay, you can feel free to ask for advice or share your fears about studying. We will help you find the fulcrum to implement your skills and talents.

We offer professional academic writing help with any type of homework. Whether you are a high school, college, or university student, you can rely on our help. Our experts are used to handling all types of essays, term papers, and article reviews. IQEssay group consists of writers and editors so that we complete the assignment from A to Z. Each writer has a Master's degree and at least five years of writing experience.

Do not ever doubt we can help you improve your grades and academic performance. We take responsibility for the services we provide. That is why you get quality assistance and fast online support. Discover the opportunity to enjoy studying with IQEssay.

When creating a company, we intended to gather like-minded people who seek to help students with their studying problems. The group of people who work for IQEssay is not just employees. They are writing experts and empathetic people who are ready to help.

Our team respects the values we created throughout the years of working. We do not want to burden you, so there are fundamental values:

Gartner client? Log in for personalized search results.

Insights / Tech and Service Providers / Article

4 ways the tech market will change for it companies in 2023.

March 08, 2023

Contributor: Lori Perri

Change is constant in the technology market, but Gartner expects four emerging trends to require a response from all IT companies in 2023.

“No matter the technology segment — software, services, hardware or other solutions — tech executives and leaders must evaluate the impact of these trends across their business and determine the required actions,” says Distinguished VP Analyst Rajesh Kandaswamy.

Gartner identified nine trends as potentially impactful for tech vendors in 2023, but the following four will be the new trends introduced in 2023:

More federated enterprise tech buying incorporates more decision makers outside of IT.

Increase in product-led growth strategies, which offer prospects earlier experience of the product.

Rise of digital marketplaces makes it easier for potential buyers to find, procure, implement and integrate technology solutions.

Metaverse technologies incorporated into marketing and CX to build customer engagement.

Download Now: Your Detailed Guide to 9 Changes in the Technology Market

How tech market changes impact product strategy

The technology market continually evolves to account for:

The increased reliance of people and enterprises on technology

The continual emergence of new technologies

The impact of macro forces, such as growing demands for sustainability

“For tech executives and leaders to capitalize on new opportunities and manage the threats,” says Kandaswamy, “they must engage with executive leaders across finance, marketing, sales, operations and other areas to craft their strategies.”

Change No. 1: More federated enterprise tech buying

When more authorized decision makers and influencers come from outside IT, the focus of purchase decisions shifts to value scenarios and outcomes, rather than simply technology.

The federated buying model is still immature in many companies, but a 2022 Gartner survey showed that 67% of enterprise-tech decision makers are not in IT.

To create opportunities tied to this emerging trend:

Pivot go-to-market strategies from technology-based toward customer-oriented value scenarios. Demonstrate the customers’ targeted business outcomes in the context of each of the influencers or buyers in the process.

Leverage ideal customer profiles (ICPs) to improve your situational awareness of the customer’s buying approach, and maximize the probability of success and high-quality deals.

Build a stronger vendor-client relationship by guiding less experienced buyers on effective decision-making practices and helping companies build maturity in the federated buying environment.

Change No. 2: Increase in product-led growth strategies

Product-led growth (PLG) strategies put the product front and center by providing prospects with some form of a product experience to demonstrate value, before any interaction with sales.

By 2025, Gartner expects PLG to be a standard component of go-to-market practices for 90%

of SaaS companies (up from 58% today). That will start with self-service product experiences, and will be driven through aggregated data signals to sales-driven conversion or expansion plays.

The best outcome is fast growth at a cost lower than traditional top-down marketing and sales motions. The 2021 Gartner User Influence on Software Decisions Survey found that more than 50% of free trials/freemiums led to a purchase. However, success is far from assured; it takes more consideration and effort than simply introducing a free version of a product into the market.

PLG at scale is data-intensive, encompassing user or buyer awareness and onboarding, product usage augmented with guidance and help as needed, and ultimately conversion and expansion based on usage value, and related advocacy and influence.

The first step is to assess whether PLG is viable or optimal by evaluating the suitability of the product relative to its intended audience. Issues to consider:

Does the product have highly intuitive user experiences?

Is onboarding easy/fast?

Can users quickly recognize/capture value (and weigh that value against cost)?

Change No. 3: Rise of digital marketplaces

Digital marketplaces are becoming commonplace for tech purchases as buyers, increasingly nontech ones, are looking for composable and easily consumable solutions.

By 2026, Gartner expects all major cloud platform and enterprise application providers will offer business component marketplaces to enable customers’ composable strategies, differentiating by quality, convenience and security.

To capitalize on this trend:

Evaluate the priority of a marketplace channel for you, by sizing the market opportunity, including solution fit and assessing your target buyers’ preference.

Prepare for a shift in tech buying by nontech buyers, by adjusting your go-to-market strategy to sell through a marketplace that ensures buyers know about your solution’s compatibility with existing infrastructure and that it can be easily integrated.

Prepare to be part of a marketplace to serve target customers, by evaluating the suitability of existing marketplace or by launching your own marketplace.

Change No. 4: More metaverse technology in marketing and CX

Metaverse technologies are rapidly gaining traction in areas of marketing for creating unique experiences, impactful interactions and novel engagement. Tech product leaders must seize the opportunities now available, to create unique experiences and elevate their marketing and CX initiatives .

By 2027, a majority of B2C enterprise CMOs will have a dedicated budget for digital humans in metaverse experiences.

Given the nascent state of metaverse technologies, product leaders must first determine when and how to take action:

Evaluate the viability of metaverse technologies, such as large-scale, multiplayer/multientity virtual spaces, virtual reality (VR) and avatars, in terms of user and customer reach, and engagement rates of audiences. Look for areas where metaverse technologies could increase opportunities to engage uniquely with potential customers, and provide memorable, positive experiences for existing customers.

Build a strategy for continuous evaluation, including evaluating potential partnerships and ecosystem expansion, as these metaverse technologies advance and converge over the next five to 10 years.

Rajesh Kandaswamy is a Gartner Fellow and a Distinguished VP Analyst. His primary research areas are artificial intelligence, blockchain and key technology industry trends. He focuses on how the technologies create business value, their strategic impacts, the use-cases, the market landscape and the actions required.

Gartner Tech Growth & Innovation Conference

Join the world’s leading IT and business leaders to get an update on accelerating tech growth in a new era of transformation and technology trends.

Top Trends for Tech Providers for 2023 Top Tech Provider Trend for 2023: Federated Enterprise Tech Buying Top Tech Provider Trend for 2023: Product-Led Growth Top Tech Provider Trend for 2023: Rise of Digital Marketplaces Top Tech Provider Trend for 2023: Utilizing Metaverse Technologies for Marketing and CX

*Note that some documents may not be available to all Gartner clients.

Get Exclusive Content

Leadership vision for high tech leaders, emerging technology benchmark for high tech leaders, the gartner top trends for tech providers in 2023, subscribe to the latest insight.

By clicking the "Continue" button, you are agreeing to the Gartner Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

By clicking the "Subscribe" button, you are agreeing to the Gartner Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

Explore deep-dive content to help you stay informed and up to date

The gartner emerging technologies and trends in security & risk for 2023, it spending forecast: 2023 predicted winners and losers, tech providers, turn d&a trends to strategic advantage, capitalize on emerging technology trends that will shape the next 8 years, it spend forecast, 3q22: is it spending recession-proof, drive stronger performance on your mission-critical priorities..

Artificial Intelligence

Salesforce Announces Einstein GPT, the World’s First Generative AI for CRM

San Francisco — March 7, 2023 — Salesforce (NYSE: CRM), the global leader in CRM, today launched Einstein GPT , the world’s first generative AI CRM technology, which delivers AI-created content across every sales, service, marketing, commerce, and IT interaction, at hyperscale. With Einstein GPT, Salesforce will transform every customer experience with generative AI.

Einstein GPT will infuse Salesforce’s proprietary AI models with generative AI technology from an ecosystem of partners and real-time data from the Salesforce Data Cloud , which ingests, harmonizes, and unifies all of a company’s customer data. With Einstein GPT, customers can then connect that data to OpenAI’s advanced AI models out of the box, or choose their own external model and use natural-language prompts directly within their Salesforce CRM to generate content that continuously adapts to changing customer information and needs in real time.

For example, Einstein GPT can generate personalized emails for salespeople to send to customers, generate specific responses for customer service professionals to more quickly answer customer questions, generate targeted content for marketers to increase campaign response rates, and auto-generate code for developers.

“The world is experiencing one of the most profound technological shifts with the rise of real-time technologies and generative AI. This comes at a pivotal moment as every company is focused on connecting with their customers in more intelligent, automated, and personalized ways,” said Marc Benioff, CEO of Salesforce . Einstein GPT, in combination with our Data Cloud and integrated in all of our clouds as well as Tableau, MuleSoft, and Slack, is another way we are opening the door to the AI future for all our customers, and we’ll be integrating with OpenAI at launch.

Einstein GPT…is another way we are opening the door to the AI future for all our customers, and we’ll be integrating with OpenAI at launch. Marc Benioff, CEO of Salesforce

Integration with OpenAI: Salesforce is combining OpenAI’s enterprise-grade ChatGPT technology with Salesforce’s private AI models to deliver relevant and trusted AI-generated content.

“We’re excited to apply the power of OpenAI’s technology to CRM,” said Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI. “This will allow more people to benefit from this technology, and it allows us to learn more about real-world usage, which is critical to the responsible development and deployment of AI — a belief that Salesforce shares with us.”

Salesforce Ventures launches $250 million Generative AI Fund : Salesforce also announced a Generative AI Fund from Salesforce Ventures, the company’s global investment arm. The new $250 million fund will invest in high-potential startups, bolster the startup ecosystem, and spark the development of responsible, trusted, and generative AI.

Introducing the ChatGPT App for Slack

Why Einstein GPT Marks the Next Big Milestone in Salesforce’s AI Journey

Salesforce Ventures Launches $250M Generative AI Fund

Go Deeper: Einstein GPT in CRM

Einstein GPT is the next generation of Einstein, Salesforce’s AI technology that currently delivers more than 200 billion AI-powered predictions per day across the Customer 360 . And by combining proprietary Einstein AI models with ChatGPT or other leading large language models, customers can use natural-language prompts on CRM data to trigger powerful, time-saving automations, and create personalized, AI-generated content. Launching today are:

ChatGPT for Slack, built by OpenAI : In addition, Salesforce and OpenAI today announced the ChatGPT for Slack app. The app provides new AI-powered conversation summaries, research tools to learn about any topic, and writing assistance to quickly draft messages.

The customer perspective: Customers like HPE, L’Oréal, RBC US Wealth Management, and S&P Global Ratings discuss the value generative AI delivers to improve customer engagement.

Availability

About Salesforce

Salesforce, the global CRM leader, empowers companies of every size and industry to digitally transform and create a 360° view of their customers. For more information about Salesforce (NYSE: CRM), visit: www.salesforce.com .

Any unreleased services or features referenced in this or other press releases or public statements are not currently available and may not be delivered on time or at all. Customers who purchase Salesforce applications should make their purchase decisions based upon features that are currently available. Salesforce has headquarters in San Francisco, with offices in Europe and Asia, and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "CRM." For more information please visit https://www.salesforce.com , or call 1-800-NO-SOFTWARE.

Mar 07, 2023

New Study Reveals Only 1 in 10 Global Workers Have In-Demand AI Skills

Mar 06, 2023

Get the latest Salesforce News

Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Asia Pacific

© Copyright 2022 Salesforce, inc. All rights reserved. Various trademarks held by their respective owners. Salesforce, inc. Salesforce Tower, 415 Mission Street, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, United States

Get the latest Salesforce news

By subscribing, you confirm that you agree to the processing of your personal data by Salesforce as described in the Privacy Statement

IMAGES

Service Providers
Utility Companies & Service Providers
Service Provider Archives
Service providers face security, capacity challenges: study
Service Providers
How to build a Mobile App for Service Providers

VIDEO

Wen it's ur last day working as a customer service representative 😂
Reemployment Success Tips
YOU CAN PROVIDE SERVICE ANYWHERE
Support Your Local Businesses!
Quarterly Customer Assistance Webinars
Provider Appreciation

COMMENTS

What Is A Managed Service Provider (MSP)?
A service provider that manages one or more of your business areas to maintain business continuity on a day-to-day basis is a managed service provider. MSPs are used as strategic partners...
What Is Service Provider Management?
Service provider management is an outsourced third-party organization that manages some aspect of day-to-day operations that provide services to customers. Businesses may outsource these services to improve their options and offer better services to their clients.
Service provider strategies
The quality-led strategy is deployed by 19 percent of service providers - who lead in network performance. 28% The offering-led strategy is deployed by 28 percent of service providers - who challenge with new services. 38% The industry-led strategy is deployed by 38 percent of service providers - who focus on value-for-money propositions.
Full article: Service providers' perspective on the luxury tourist
The service providers provide opportunities for experiences generated through partially unique customer processes, and the central goal of the service development is to develop the best and right prerequisites for well-functioning customer processes and attractive customer outcomes (Komppula, 2006 ).
Service Provider Articles
Service Provider Articles. Here our technical experts and partners will share news and views on everything from wi-fi off-load and lawful intercept to regulatory compliance and AAA authentication. We've grouped the blog posts which we think will be of specific interest to service providers here. We hope you find them useful, please share ...
Articles: Citrix Service Providers
Citrix Service Provider Content Collaboration Workspace Integration - The CSP Content Collaboration Service and Workspace integration simplifies the Citrix Cloud reseller management, customer deployment and provides real-time file sync to data in one secure centrally managed platform.
Types of IT Service Providers & Their Impact
iVenture Solutions is an award-winning managed service provider delivering superior IT solutions to clients across Florida. As a leading-edge IT firm for small and medium-sized businesses, we provide a diverse range of services covering the entire scope of IT including maintenance, support, hosting and more.
Service Provider Outlook
July 20, 2021 | 62 views. In 2Q21, Heavy Reading surveyed 86 communications service providers (CSPs) across global regions on their plans for customer premises equipment overall and universal CPE (uCPE) specifically. This report presents the highlights of that survey. Omdia's uCPE Tracker - 1H21 Annual Forecast report projects that the ...
How professional service providers can delight customers and deepen
Professional service providers like Mister Pharmacist are recognizing that customers want to feel valued, or they'll go elsewhere. Whether it's via follow-up calls, around-the-clock access or ...
Best Internet Service Providers
Our Best Internet Service Providers Rating #1 AT&T Internet #1 Verizon Internet #3 Xfinity Internet #4 Cox Internet #5 Spectrum Internet #5 Mediacom Internet #7 Astound Broadband #8 CenturyLink...
An Overview of ITIL Service Providers and Service Portfolio
An Overview of ITIL Service Providers and Portfolios. The ITIL service providers and service portfolio are the two phases of the same coin. While one of them takes care of the supply of services between the internal and the external customers, the other makes sure there is an efficient mix of services that will support the entire service strategy.
Service Providers
Service providers implement detailed telephony device controls. A telephony service provider (TSP) provides call controls and a media service provider, if it exists, provides control over the media stream. All telephony service providers execute in the TAPISRV process.
The Editorial Board: Raise for direct service providers is too small to
It seems nearly every year New York State's budget fails to meet the necessary threshold of funding to pay direct support professionals and the not-for-profits that hire them. This is wrong ...
Top 10 Cloud Service Providers In 2023
The latest Canalys data estimates expenditure was over US$2 billion more than in the previous quarter and US$14 billion more than in Q1 2021. Here is a list of my top 10 cloud service providers: Amazon Web Services (AWS) Microsoft Azure. Google Cloud.
10 Top SOC as a Service Providers [Pros and Cons]
SOC-as-a-service providers are those organizations that offer services like protecting vulnerability detection and management, VAPT services, and more to customers based on their needs. However, maintaining an in-house SOC can be a daunting task, especially for up-and-coming companies.
The Interactive Process And Service Providers
Step 5: Implementing the Accommodation. Once an accommodation has been chosen, the employer must implement the accommodation. Service providers can be an integral part of this step in the interactive process. For example, service providers can help train the individual how to use an assistive device or software.
Perspectives of homeless service providers on their work, their ...
Purpose To describe the perspectives of homeless service providers who work for Chicago organizations that primarily serve persons experiencing homelessness. Methods A qualitative, cross-sectional study of Chicago homeless service providers (n = 17) consisting of a semi-structured interview and the Attitudes Toward the Homeless Inventory (ATHI). Interviews were analyzed for themes and patterns ...
Double Vision: Two Futures for Voice Service Providers
In early 2023, Tessler presented his vision for the future of Service Providers. In a sense, he's saying: Be the US Foods, Sysco, or PFG of a particular industry. In his argument, the logical...
Internet service provider (ISP)
Internet service provider (ISP), company that provides Internet connections and services to individuals and organizations. ISPs may also provide software packages (such as browsers), e-mail accounts, and a personal website or home page. ISPs can host websites for businesses and can also build the websites themselves. ISPs are all connected to each other through network access points, public ...
Communications Service Providers Unlock Possibilities of 5G with VMware
And communications service providers are already unlocking the possibilities of 5G with the VMware Telco Cloud Platform. For example, the platform allows SoftBank to accelerate time-to-market for deploying new, innovative services and giving them a competitive edge. The platform also enables Vodafone ( News - Alert) Qatar to apply the power of ...
Why Content Owners and Service Providers Should Embrace SaaS
Committing to a SaaS model gives content owners and service providers ongoing access to improvements and capabilities. And SaaS isn't just for the big monolithic players. Its effects are disruptive as the entry barrier to these new levels of experimentation and creativity have been lowered and its modular nature provide opportunities for ...
India's HDB Financial Services flags data breach at service provider
BENGALURU, March 7 (Reuters) - HDB Financial Services, the non-bank lending unit of India's top private lender HDFC Bank , said on Tuesday there was a data breach at one of its service providers ...
Jade Rubick
The Service Provider model is one of the least effective coordination models in software engineering teams. There are some legitimate reasons to use this model, but you should avoid it unless you're aware of the tradeoffs. What types of teams commonly adopt this model? Design. IT. Infrastructure and platform teams.
11 Best USA IPTV Providers (2023): Find the Right Service for You
In the list of USA IPTV service providers, Typhoon Labs TV is a dedicated IPTV/OTT service provider for the US and Canada, offering over 1500 carefully curated FHD and HD live TV streams. This is the best option to watch everything from the news to sports to kids. All game passes are available with services like NFL, NBA, etc. You can also ...
Online Essay: Article writing service providers easy essay strategy!
They constitute it. — The Dance Institute of Washington (@DIW_DC) November 21, 2022. The estimated service article writing providers model support the authors using one of many academics, including filipino academics, who do not have to wade through biographical information about allacci. Figure. Necessary to carry out experiments and support ...
4 Ways the Technology Market Will Change for Vendors in 2023
4 Ways the Tech Market Will Change for IT Companies in 2023. March 08, 2023. Contributor: Lori Perri. Change is constant in the technology market, but Gartner expects four emerging trends to require a response from all IT companies in 2023. "No matter the technology segment — software, services, hardware or other solutions — tech ...
Salesforce Announces Einstein GPT, the World's First Generative AI for
San Francisco — March 7, 2023 — Salesforce (NYSE: CRM), the global leader in CRM, today launched Einstein GPT, the world's first generative AI CRM technology, which delivers AI-created content across every sales, service, marketing, commerce, and IT interaction, at hyperscale.With Einstein GPT, Salesforce will transform every customer experience with generative AI.